Finally, we will examine the immediate aftermath of the third punic war, and the implications this. The main sources that i will be using to examine the second punic war will be livys ab urbe condita, the history of rome, and polybius histories. Ppunic punicus phoenicians first punic war ccarthage already had people on the island, but rome wanted to invade and take over. The mamertines enlisted the aid of the carthaginian navy, and subsequently betrayed them by entreating the roman senate for aid against carthage. Local naval superiority will enable a power to main. This 4page printable file contains everything you need to introduce your students to 2nd punic war, fought between rome and carthage, as well as an introduction to hannibal. Rome thought it would be easy to defeat hannibal, but hannibal was full of surprises, including his manner of entering the italic peninsula from spain. We will examine the state of affairs before the first punic war, then move on to look at each war in turn. Abstract the second punic war saw romes very existence challenged by its greatest enemy, the brilliant carthaginian general hannibal, who. The romans also decided to punish the greeks, who had allied with the carthaginians. Before the first punic war, the romans were not confident fighting at sea.
The two polities was the growing roman republic and the african commercial city of carthage. Second punic war timeline ancient history encyclopedia. Road to rome hannibal part 1 second punic war youtube. Lazenby provides the first scholarly account in english since 1886 solely devoted to the second punic war, which some have called the first world war for mastery of the mediterranean world. Leaving 20,000 troops with his brother hasdrubal, hannibal went. Victories of the great hero from ancient carthage 19 december 2018 by yozan mosig. Scipio africanus and the second punic war ndu press national. But they appreciated full well that local superiority at sea is a very different thing from general superiority at sea. The second punic war spring 218 201 bc, also referred to as the hannibalic war and by the romans the war against hannibal, was the second of three. He is widely considered one of the greatest military commanders in world history.
Phoenicians in carthage where known to have a strong forces in the seas. It was one of the deadliest human conflicts of ancient times. The author considers evidence from classical historians describing the size of the roman and carthaginian fleets, crew sizes, types of ships in use, and war casualty figures among other topics. Battle of ruspina, 46 bc caesars civil war duration. Punic war serve as timeless lessons for joint force planners on how. At the end of every speechregardless of the subjecthe was said to declare his belief that rome must be freed from the threat of carthage.
What was the most important battle in the punic wars. Punic wars, also called carthaginian wars, 264146 bce, a series of three wars between the roman republic and the carthaginian punic empire, resulting in the destruction of carthage, the enslavement of its population, and roman hegemony over the western mediterranean. View the punic wars hannibal and hamilcar research papers on academia. Under hannibals leadership, carthage decided to take the war to rome. Lazenby provides the first scholarly account in english since 1886 solely devoted. With this military juggernaut of the ancient world at your disposal, you will vie for control over italy, carthage, spain and the mediterranean sea using a. One region after another of the italian peninsula was merged in the roman state. As architect of the carthaginian war effort in the second punic war, hannibal. The second punic war, is a twoplayer game that covers the conflict between carthage and rome, during the period of 218 to 195 b. However, the romans managed to turn sea battles into something more like land battles by using the corvus. The roman senator cato the elder began to stoke roman eagerness for war. Second punic war 218201 bc in 219 bc, hannibal laid siege to saguntum, a coastal city in northeast hispania that enjoyed a longstanding treaty of friendship with rome. Hannibal is acknowledged to be one of historys greatest generals, and his crossing of the alps complete with elephants to make war against rome on its home soil is legendary. The second punic war dickinson college commentaries.
These texts are the closest books to actual primary sources available today. The campaigns in spain alarmed the romans who, in 226bc, signed a treaty with hasdrubal limiting carthaginian influence to the ebro river which in the end led to the second punic war polybius said that the conquest of spain gave the carthaginians the confidence to go to war again against the romans. It began as a local conflict in sicily between hiero ii of syracuse and the mamertines of messina. By closely examining the accounts of livy and polybius, supplemented with the fruits of modern research, lazenby provides a. Informative, easy to follow text explaining the 2nd punic war a map showing romes location and. It was a long war, with rome eventually defeating carthage. But even hannibal met his match in scipio, and ultimately carthage was defeated by the rising power of rome. Complete naval victory over carthage, termination of the first punic war. Carthaginian hannibals military strategy at the outset of the second. Scipio who had arrived with his army in marsilia did about the same, once he had learned hannibal had moved his army to a couple of days north of his position. Therefore all the evidence on hannibal is from a roman perspective and biased against him. The romans, meanwhile, built up their strength and eventually counterattacked, leading to a roman victory.
The second punic war was the result of the growing rivalry between the two great powers that were now struggling for supremacy in the western mediterranean rome and carthage, with the trigger of the war being the rapid growth of the carthaginian dominion in spain, with carthage building up a great empire in the spanish peninsula, expecting to raise. The project gutenberg ebook of hannibal, makers of history, by. The carthaginian senate repeatedly refused hannibals requests for aid and supplies even as they were relying on him to win the war for them. The punic wars were a series of three wars fought between rome and carthage from 264 bc. Romans razed the city of carthage third punic war in 146bc. Hannibal barca to create an army that was the epitome of what a mercenary army. Punic wars the story of how rome expanded 264146 bc empires prior to the wars first punic war tthe war was fought because both rome and carthage wanted the island of sicily. They sent their armies to attack and destroy carthage, which they were successful in doing. As there is no evidence from a carthaginian point of view, it is difficult to gain a balanced perspective of this man.
Articles on hannibal and the punic wars from the history. A little history of the world by ernst gombrich chapters, 15 and 17. His father, hamilcar barca, was a leading carthaginian. Second punic war 218201 by 219, carthage was recovering from the costs of the first punic war and was looking to expand her empire, particularly in spain. In the second punic war, various roman commanders faced hannibal, leader of the forces of carthaginians, their allies, and mercenaries. Polybius, a source written during the time of the third punic war, is one of the main sources the paper will use for he was present at the burning of carthage. After the second punic war, rome realized it would never have peace as long as carthage still stood. Four major roman commanders made a name for themselves in the following main battles of the second punic war. Carthaginians in the first punic war, which lasted from 264 to 241 b. The punic wars by adrian goldsworthy, scipio africanus. These commanders were sempronius, at the trebbia river, flaminius, at lake trasimene, paullus, at cannae, and scipio, at zama.
The second punic war, 220202 bc owens major reference. Hannibal invaded italy form the rear but taking his army every the alps with 36 elephants started with 80,000 men. The primary site has roman resources and information for pupils. In 226 bc, however, hasdrubal the fair signed a treaty with rome that acknowledged carthages control of hispania south of the ebro river. The second punic war was fought between carthage and rome. During his years of exile that followed, he assisted antiochus iii of syria, artaxias of armenia, and prusias of bithynia, and remained true to his ideals, steadfastly. Hannibal, who almost overpowered rome, was considered romes greatest enemy hannibal crossed the alps with his elephants in october to fight the romans after hannibals crushing victory at cannae in 216 bc, the city of capua made a major strategic. Hannibal or hannibal barca was the leader of the military forces of carthage that fought against rome in the second punic war.
The three punic wars between carthage and rome took place over nearly a. The newly appointed hannibal laid siege to the city of saguntum on the eastern coast of iberia as spain was known at the time. After the end of the second war with rome, hannibal served as carthaginian magistrate suffete and was able to eliminate corruption and restore the citys shattered economy. Following its defeat in the first punic war, the carthaginian empire looked to rebuild its power base by controlling spain. He invaded the homeland of his enemy and remained there, undefeated, for fifteen years. To measure the importance of a battle, we must determine what affect it has on the outcome, how much is riding on it. Scipio africanus lands an army at empuries in northeastern spain during the second punic war.
The battle was fought over the city of messana on the island of sicily. The punic wars hannibal and hamilcar research papers. Hannibals crossing of the alps in 218 bc was one of the major events of the second punic war, and one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare. Battle of the trebia, 218 bc hannibal part 4 second punic war duration. Hamilcar barca, the premier phoenician general, humiliated and angered over romes peace terms, and the seizure of sardinia during carthages own mercenary war, looked to spain as an overland launching point for future action against. A game theoretic analysis of the second punic war alt. Hannibal was determined to reclaim the glory that had once been the carthaginians. Overview of the second punic war of rome thoughtco. Hannibal and the second punic war essay 3219 words cram. The second punic war 218201 bc witnessed hannibals crossing of the alps in 218 bc, followed by a. The carthaginians, under the military leadership of their general, hannibal, marched into italy and won several battle. Sources on hannibal the main ancient sources on hannibal are polybius. Rome and carthage in the second punic war is a new and innovative turnbased strategy game that puts you in command of the carthaginian military during a period of total war over land and sea with the young roman republic.
They were able to control the western part of mediterranean including spain, northern africa and the island of sicily. In retrospect, this means a battle whose outcome, it reversed, would have had the most change on the outcome of the war. Hannibal 247183 bce was the greatest general to emerge from the carthaginian barca family. Romes strategic victory over the tacticaloperational genius, hannibal barca hannibal barca, general of carthage during the 2d punic war with rome, 218202 bc, has few peers in the annals of military history. Hannibal led his troops back to spain and continued fighting against rome. Because of this, rome considered carthage as a threat to their power. The carthaginian fleet was far superior to the romans and the carthaginians preferred sea battles, knowing the romans were at a disadvantage.
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